The video shows nuclear-capable H-6 bombers carrying out a simulated attack on what appears to be a US military base on the Pacific island of Guam.
The video was viewed nearly five million times on China's Sina Weibo microblogging platform.
But many users mocked its apparent use of scenes from Hollywood movies.
"It's fortunate that China has no issues with copyright," one joked.
"Stealing from another American film? I just... haha" wrote another user, while a third said: "Don't use clips from these awful countries. People look down on us on Twitter and it drives me crazy."
The two-minute video, called Gods of War - Attack!, was released by China's air force on Saturday.
Set to dramatic music, it shows H-6 bombers launching an attack on what appears to be the US's Andersen Air Force Base.
"We are the defenders of the motherland's aerial security; we have the confidence and ability to always defend the security of the motherland's skies," the air force wrote alongside the video.
But social media users quickly noticed that the video's most dramatic scenes appeared to have been taken from the films Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, The Rock and Hurt Locker.
A Chinese air force video showing a simulated bombing attack against a #US military base has backfired after sharp-eyed netizens realized that it contained footage lifted from #Hollywood blockbusters.
— Apple Daily HK 蘋果日報 (@appledaily_hk) September 20, 2020
Read more: https://t.co/VFoBRn4WHh#AppleDailyENG #China #PLA pic.twitter.com/hcMBHjiT3d
The Chinese military has not publicly commented on these claims.
A source close to the military told the South China Morning Post newspaper that it was common practice for the army's publicity department to "borrow" from Hollywood films.
"Almost all of the officers in the department grew up watching Hollywood movies, so in their minds, American war films have the coolest images," the source was quoted as saying.
The video was released as China carried out military exercises near Taiwan, amid heightened tensions over the visit of a senior US state department official to the island. China regards self-ruled Taiwan as a breakaway province.
Collin Koh, a research fellow at Singapore's Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, told Reuters news agency the video was meant to "warn the Americans that even supposedly safe, rearward positions such as Guam may come under threat when conflicts over regional flashpoints, be it Taiwan or South China Sea, erupt".
